Blackless Melanie, Charuvastra Anthony, Derryck Amanda, Fausto-Sterling Anne, Lauzanne Karl, Lee Ellen
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Am J Hum Biol. 2000 Mar;12(2):151-166. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(200003/04)12:2<151::AID-AJHB1>3.0.CO;2-F.
The belief that Homo sapiens is absolutely dimorphic with the respect to sex chromosome composition, gonadal structure, hormone levels, and the structure of the internal genital duct systems and external genitalia, derives from the platonic ideal that for each sex there is a single, universally correct developmental pathway and outcome. We surveyed the medical literature from 1955 to the present for studies of the frequency of deviation from the ideal male or female. We conclude that this frequency may be as high as 2% of live births. The frequency of individuals receiving "corrective" genital surgery, however, probably runs between 1 and 2 per 1,000 live births (0.1-0.2%). Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:151-166, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
认为智人在性染色体组成、性腺结构、激素水平以及内生殖器管道系统和外生殖器结构方面绝对是二态的这种观点，源于一种柏拉图式的理想观念，即对于每种性别都有一条单一的、普遍正确的发育途径和结果。我们查阅了1955年至今的医学文献，以研究偏离理想男性或女性的频率。我们得出结论，这种频率可能高达活产婴儿的2%。然而，接受“矫正”性生殖器手术的个体频率可能在每1000例活产婴儿中有1至2例（0.1 - 0.2%）。《美国人类生物学杂志》12:151 - 166，2000年。版权所有2000年威利 - 利斯公司。
