Winisdoerffer F, Soulez-Larivière C
Aerospatiale les Mureaux, France.
Adv Space Res. 1992;12(1):315-20. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(92)90299-d.
It is generally accepted that high quality internal environment shall strongly support crew's adaptation and acceptance to situation of long isolation and confinement. Thus, this paper is an attempt to determine to which extent the resulting stress corresponding to the anticipated duration of a trip to Mars (1 and a half years to 2 and a half years) could be decreased when internal architecture of the spacecraft is properly designed. It is assumed that artificial gravity shall be available on board the Mars spacecraft. This will of course have a strong impact on internal architecture as far as a 1-g oriented design will become mandatory, at least in certain inhabited parts of the spacecraft. The review of usual Habitability functions is performed according to the peculiarities of such an extremely long mission. A particular attention is paid to communications issues and the need for privacy. The second step of the paper addresses internal architecture issues through zoning analyses. Common, Service and Personal zones need to be adapted to the constraints associated with the extremely long duration of the mission. Furthermore, due to the nature of the mission itself (relative autonomy, communication problems, monotony) and the type of selected crew (personalities, group structure) the implementation of a "fourth zone", so-called "recreational" zone, seems to be needed. This zoning analysis is then translated into some internal architecture proposals, which are discussed and illustrated. This paper is concluded by a reflection on habitability and recommendations on volumetric requirements. Some ideas to validate proposed habitability items through simulation are also discussed.
人们普遍认为，高质量的内部环境应有力地支持船员适应和接受长期隔离和禁闭的情况。因此，本文试图确定，当航天器的内部架构得到妥善设计时，与火星之旅预期时长（1.5年至2.5年）相对应的应激反应能在多大程度上得到减轻。假设火星航天器上可提供人工重力。这当然会对内部架构产生重大影响，因为至少在航天器的某些居住区域，以1g为导向的设计将成为必需。根据如此超长任务的特点，对常见的宜居性功能进行了审查。特别关注了通信问题和隐私需求。本文的第二步通过分区分析来探讨内部架构问题。公共区、服务区和个人区需要根据与任务超长持续时间相关的限制进行调整。此外，由于任务本身的性质（相对自主性、通信问题、单调性）以及所选船员的类型（个性、团队结构），似乎需要设置一个“第四区”，即所谓的“娱乐区”。然后，这种分区分析被转化为一些内部架构建议，并进行了讨论和说明。本文最后对宜居性进行了思考，并对容积要求提出了建议。还讨论了一些通过模拟来验证所提议的宜居性项目的想法。
