Mautner M N, Leonard R L, Deamer D W
Department of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Planet Space Sci. 1995 Jan-Feb;43(1-2):139-47. doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(94)00205-6.
Up to 50% of the organics in the Murchison meteorite, possibly including some of the polymer, is released in high temperature and pressure aqueous environments, to 350 degrees C and 250 bar, that simulate submarine volcanic, hydrothermal or impact-induced conditions. Meteorite organics of prebiotic significance, such as nonanoic acid, glycine, and pyrene survive the hydrothermal conditions. The released material is surface active with surface pressures up to 19.8 x 10(-3) N m-1, and exhibits an extended surface tension isotherm which suggests a mixture of amphiphilic components. One component, nonanoic acid, is shown to form vesicles. The materials extracted under mild conditions, at 120 degrees C, are nutrients for the humic acid bacterium Pseudomonas maltophilia and efficient nutrients for the oligotroph Flavobacterium oryzihabitans, demonstrating the capability of microorganisms to metabolize extraterrestrial organics.
在高达350摄氏度和250巴的高温高压水环境中，默奇森陨石中高达50%的有机物（可能包括一些聚合物）会被释放出来，这种环境模拟了海底火山、热液或撞击引起的条件。具有益生元意义的陨石有机物，如壬酸、甘氨酸和芘，在热液条件下能够存活。释放出的物质具有表面活性，表面压力高达19.8×10⁻³ N m⁻¹，并呈现出扩展的表面张力等温线，这表明存在两亲性成分的混合物。其中一种成分壬酸被证明能形成囊泡。在120摄氏度温和条件下提取的物质，是嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌这种腐殖酸细菌的营养物质，也是稻田黄杆菌这种贫养菌的高效营养物质，这证明了微生物代谢外星有机物的能力。
