Sterns P M, Tennen L I
Sterns and Tennen Attorneys and Counselors at Law, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA.
Adv Space Res. 1995 Mar;15(3):281-4. doi: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)80098-2.
The planning and execution of manned and robotic missions to Mars present a wide range of jurisprudential issues. Provisions to prevent the disruption of natural celestial environments, as well as damage to the environment of Earth by the return of extraterrestrial materials, are important components of the law applicable to mankind's activities in outer space, and have been supplemented by scientifically instituted planetary protection policies. However, divergent legal regimes may exist, as the space treaties in force are neither uniform in their provisions, nor identical as to the states which have signed, ratified, or adopted the international agreements. The legal requirements applicable to a specific mission will vary depending on the entities conducting the program and specific mission profile. This article analyzes the divergent international legal regimes together with the factors which will influence the determination of the standards of conduct which will govern manned and robotic missions to Mars.
载人及机器人火星任务的规划与执行存在一系列法理学问题。防止自然天体环境受到干扰以及防止外星物质返回对地球环境造成破坏的规定，是适用于人类外层空间活动的法律的重要组成部分，并且已得到科学制定的行星保护政策的补充。然而，可能存在不同的法律制度，因为现行的空间条约在条款上既不统一，在签署、批准或采纳这些国际协定的国家方面也不尽相同。适用于特定任务的法律要求将因开展该项目的实体和具体任务概况而异。本文分析了不同的国际法律制度以及将影响确定载人及机器人火星任务行为标准的因素。
