Nguyen L, Rigo J M, Rocher V, Belachew S, Malgrange B, Rogister B, Leprince P, Moonen G
Center for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Liège, Belgium.
Cell Tissue Res. 2001 Aug;305(2):187-202. doi: 10.1007/s004410000343.
During brain ontogenesis, the temporal and spatial generation of the different types of neuronal and glial cells from precursors occurs as a sequence of successive progenitor stages whose proliferation, survival and cell-fate choice are controlled by environmental and cellular regulatory molecules. Neurotransmitters belong to the chemical microenvironment of neural cells, even at the earliest stages of brain development. It is now established that specific neurotransmitter receptors are present on progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system and could play, during neural development, a role that has remained unsuspected until recently. The present review focuses on the occurrence of neurotransmitters and their corresponding ligand-gated ion channel receptors in immature cells, including neural stem cells of specific embryonic and neonatal brain regions. We summarize in vitro and in vivo data arguing that neurotransmitters could regulate morphogenetic events such as proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation and survival of neural precursor cells. The understanding of neurotransmitter function during early neural maturation could lead to the development of pharmacological tools aimed at improving adult brain repair strategies.
在脑发育过程中，不同类型的神经元和神经胶质细胞从前体细胞中按时间和空间顺序产生，这是一系列连续的祖细胞阶段，其增殖、存活和细胞命运选择受环境和细胞调节分子控制。即使在脑发育的最早阶段，神经递质也属于神经细胞的化学微环境。现已确定，发育中的中枢神经系统的祖细胞上存在特定的神经递质受体，并且在神经发育过程中可能发挥了直到最近才被怀疑的作用。本综述重点关注未成熟细胞中神经递质及其相应的配体门控离子通道受体的存在情况，包括特定胚胎和新生脑区的神经干细胞。我们总结了体外和体内的数据，这些数据表明神经递质可以调节神经前体细胞的增殖、生长、迁移、分化和存活等形态发生事件。了解早期神经成熟过程中神经递质的功能可能会推动旨在改善成体脑修复策略的药理学工具的开发。
