Williams D, Lawler K A
School of Social and Community Services, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, USA.
Women Health. 2001;32(4):61-75. doi: 10.1300/J013v32n04_04.
This study examines the stress-illness relationship in a biracial group (African-American and Caucasian-American) of low-income women. Two personality constructs, hardiness and John Henryism, were studied for their possible moderating influences on the stress-illness relationship. One hundred women, with family incomes below the poverty line, completed questionnaires of stress, illness, hardiness, and John Henryism. Hierarchical regression models indicated that hardiness moderated the stress-illness relationship, with high stress, low hardy women having higher levels of illness. In addition, race also moderated the effect of stress, with high stress, Caucasian women having higher levels of illness. However, John Henryism had no effect on stress-related illness in these low-income women. Analyses of additional stress measures indicated that hardy women perceive their external environments as less stressful, although high and low hardy women have similar levels of network stress. Correlational analyses indicated that life-event stress, network stress and low-income concerns were all associated with illness scores. Thus, a range of stress measures are linked to physical illness in low-income women; furthermore, hardiness and being African-American both buffered the effects of stress on illness.
本研究调查了低收入女性的一个混血群体（非裔美国人和欧裔美国人）中的压力与疾病关系。研究了坚韧人格和约翰·亨利主义这两种人格结构对压力与疾病关系可能产生的调节作用。一百名家庭收入低于贫困线的女性完成了关于压力、疾病、坚韧人格和约翰·亨利主义的问卷调查。分层回归模型表明，坚韧人格调节了压力与疾病的关系，压力大、坚韧人格低的女性疾病水平更高。此外，种族也调节了压力的影响，压力大的白人女性疾病水平更高。然而，约翰·亨利主义对这些低收入女性的压力相关疾病没有影响。对其他压力测量指标的分析表明，坚韧人格的女性认为她们的外部环境压力较小，尽管坚韧人格高和低的女性网络压力水平相似。相关分析表明，生活事件压力、网络压力和低收入担忧都与疾病得分相关。因此，一系列压力测量指标都与低收入女性的身体疾病有关；此外，坚韧人格和非裔美国人身份都缓冲了压力对疾病的影响。
