Peters U, Poole C, Arab L
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Sep 15;154(6):495-503. doi: 10.1093/aje/154.6.495.
This meta-analysis of tea consumption in relation to stroke, myocardial infarction, and all coronary heart disease is based on 10 cohort studies and seven case-control studies. The study-specific effect estimates for stroke and coronary heart disease were too heterogeneous to be summarized (homogeneity p < 0.02 for stroke, p < 0.001 for coronary heart disease). Only the relative risk estimates for myocardial infarction (seven studies) appeared reasonably homogeneous (homogeneity p = 0.20). The incidence rate of myocardial infarction is estimated to decrease by 11% with an increase in tea consumption of 3 cups per day (fixed-effects relative risk estimate = 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.79, 1.01) (1 cup = 237 ml). However, evidence of bias toward preferential publication of smaller studies that suggest protective effects urges caution in interpreting this result. The geographic region where the studies were conducted appeared to explain much of the heterogeneity among coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and probably stroke results. With increasing tea consumption, the risk increased for coronary heart disease in the United Kingdom and for stroke in Australia, whereas the risk decreased in other regions, particularly in continental Europe.
这项关于饮茶与中风、心肌梗死及所有冠心病关系的荟萃分析基于10项队列研究和7项病例对照研究。针对中风和冠心病的研究特异性效应估计值过于异质性，无法进行汇总（中风的同质性p<0.02，冠心病的p<0.001）。只有心肌梗死的相对风险估计值（7项研究）表现出合理的同质性（同质性p = 0.20）。估计每天多饮用3杯茶（1杯 = 237毫升），心肌梗死发病率会降低11%（固定效应相对风险估计值 = 0.89，95%置信区间：0.79，1.01）。然而，有证据表明倾向于优先发表显示保护作用的较小研究存在偏差，这促使在解释该结果时需谨慎。研究开展的地理区域似乎可以解释冠心病、心肌梗死以及可能中风结果之间的大部分异质性。随着饮茶量增加，英国冠心病风险增加，澳大利亚中风风险增加，而其他地区风险降低，尤其是在欧洲大陆。
