Snowden L R
Center for Mental Services Research and School of Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, 120 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-7400, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2001 Aug;29(4):519-36. doi: 10.1023/A:1010480816822.
Using data from the National Medical Expenditure Survey, a household survey of more than 18,000 respondents, this study examined racial and gender differences in social embeddedness, an indicator of community well-being and social support. The study hypothesized that higher levels of social embeddedness would be found among African Americans than among Whites and that the association between social embeddedness and psychological well-being would be stronger among African Americans than among Whites. African American men reported themselves more socially embedded overall than White men and, in one instance, their social involvement was especially important in predicting psychological well-being. African American women were more likely than White women to report attending meetings of churches and community groups, but otherwise were less socially involved than White women. There was no evidence of a difference between African American and White women in strength of the connection between social embeddedness and psychological well-being. African American social involvement is more selective than previously believed and generalizations must be qualified on the basis of gender.
本研究利用“国家医疗支出调查”的数据（一项针对18000多名受访者的家庭调查），考察了社会融入度方面的种族和性别差异，社会融入度是社区福祉和社会支持的一个指标。该研究假设，非裔美国人的社会融入度水平会高于白人，并且非裔美国人中社会融入度与心理健康之间的关联会比白人更强。非裔美国男性总体上报称自己比白人男性的社会融入度更高，而且在一个实例中，他们的社会参与在预测心理健康方面尤为重要。非裔美国女性比白人女性更有可能报称参加教会和社区团体会议，但在其他方面，她们的社会参与度低于白人女性。没有证据表明非裔美国女性和白人女性在社会融入度与心理健康之间的联系强度上存在差异。非裔美国人的社会参与比之前认为的更具选择性，必须根据性别对概括性结论加以限定。
