Förster J, Liberman N
Department of Psychology, Universität Würzburg, Germany.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001 Sep;81(3):377-90.
Three studies demonstrated that postsuppressional rebound (PSR) may be both reduced and enhanced by manipulating people's attributions about why they experience difficulty during suppression. Telling participants that suppression failures indicate a high motivation to use the suppressed construct produced more PSR than telling them that suppression failures indicate a low motivation to use the construct (Study 1). Telling participants that an external stimulus would make suppression easy produced more PSR than telling them that it would make suppression difficult (Study 2). Telling participants that suppressing a stereotype is difficult and unindicative of prejudice eliminated PSR (Study 3). These results support the notion that PSR occurs because people infer from the difficulty experienced during suppression and from suppression failures that they are motivated to use the suppressed construct.
三项研究表明，通过操控人们对在抑制过程中为何会遇到困难的归因，后抑制反弹（PSR）既可能会减弱，也可能会增强。告诉参与者抑制失败表明他们有很高的动机去使用被抑制的概念，比告诉他们抑制失败表明使用该概念的动机较低时，会产生更多的后抑制反弹（研究1）。告诉参与者外部刺激会使抑制变得容易，比告诉他们这会使抑制变得困难时，会产生更多的后抑制反弹（研究2）。告诉参与者抑制一种刻板印象很困难且不能表明存在偏见，消除了后抑制反弹（研究3）。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即后抑制反弹的出现是因为人们从抑制过程中经历的困难以及抑制失败中推断出他们有动机去使用被抑制的概念。
