Geographical patterns of genetic variation in two species of Stylosanthes Sw. using amplified fragment length polymorphism.

Understanding the extent and distribution of genetic diversity within a species is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess genetic variation using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) in two species of the tropical legume genus Stylosanthes Sw. Annual, S. humilis (2n = 20) and perennial, S. viscosa (2n = 20) are found throughout tropical America, and are sympatric for much of their range of distribution. One hundred and eleven accessions, covering a wide geographical range, were selected for AFLP analysis. Binary data matrices derived from DNA banding patterns were analysed using the software programs NTSYS-PC and ARLEQUIN. Several accessions were found to be misidentified. Of the S. humilis accessions, the overall average similarity value was (0.72) slightly higher than the value obtained for S. viscosa (0.67). Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis grouped accessions from both species by geographical origin, with a few exceptions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) in S. humilis revealed 59.4% of the variation among groups formed from the cluster analysis. This was highly significant (P < 0.001). For S. viscosa AMOVA also revealed more variation among than within groups (66.5%). This was also highly significant (P < 0.001). The majority of accessions of both species conserved ex situ are of Brazilian and Venezuelan origin. This study has identified areas in Central America and Mexico for which novel genetic variation may be found and where conservation activities should be focused.