Quinlan M, Mayhew C, Bohle P
School of Industrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Health Serv. 2001;31(3):507-36. doi: 10.2190/22BK-9XC0-AK7L-M6QH.
Mounting research evidence suggests that the shift to contingent work arrangements in industrialized countries is having serious adverse effects on the health of workers, both directly and indirectly (by undermining regulatory and other protections). The authors place this research, and the issues surrounding it, in a comparative historical context. Extensive use of precarious employment is not essentially new. It was a characteristic feature of most if not all industrialized societies in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Though the two phases are not identical, historical comparisons are instructive for understanding recent experiences and ways of addressing them. The authors also make comparisons with the developing world, where the informal sector typically accounts for over half the workforce. Such comparisons are instructive in indicating the consequences of a shift to more precarious patterns of employment and disorganized work settings. There is also good evidence that precarious employment is expanding in the developing world. The growing precarious employment in both industrialized and developing countries is interconnected, and the authors identify a number of the mechanisms affecting workers' health.
越来越多的研究证据表明，工业化国家向非固定工作安排的转变正在对工人的健康产生严重的不利影响，这种影响既有直接的，也有间接的（通过削弱监管和其他保护措施）。作者将这项研究及其相关问题置于比较历史的背景下。广泛使用不稳定就业并非本质上的新现象。它是19世纪和20世纪初大多数（如果不是所有）工业化社会的一个特征。虽然这两个阶段并不相同，但历史比较有助于理解近期的经历以及应对这些经历的方式。作者还与发展中世界进行了比较，在发展中世界，非正规部门通常占劳动力的一半以上。这种比较有助于说明转向更不稳定的就业模式和无组织的工作环境所带来的后果。也有充分的证据表明，不稳定就业在发展中世界正在扩大。工业化国家和发展中国家日益增长的不稳定就业是相互关联的，作者确定了一些影响工人健康的机制。
