衡量瑞典的不稳定就业：就业不稳定量表（EPRES）的翻译、改编及心理测量特性
Measuring precarious employment in Sweden: translation, adaptation and psychometric properties of the Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES).
作者信息
Jonsson Johanna, Vives Alejandra, Benach Joan, Kjellberg Katarina, Selander Jenny, Johansson Gun, Bodin Theo
机构信息
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Escuela de Medicina, Santiago, Chile.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 24;9(9):e029577. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029577.
OBJECTIVES
Precarious employment (PE) is a determinant of poor health and health inequality. However, the evidence of health consequences and mechanisms underlying the associations, are still limited due to a lack of a comprehensive multidimensional definition and measurement instrument. The Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) is a Spanish, multidimensional scale, developed to measure degree of PE. The aim of this study was to translate the EPRES-2010 into Swedish, adapt it to the Swedish context and to assess the psychometric properties of the Swedish EPRES.
METHOD
EPRES was translated, adapted and implemented for data collection within the research project PRecarious EMployment in Stockholm (PREMIS). During 2016-2017, questionnaire data were collected from 483 non-standard employees in Stockholm, Sweden, sampled with web-based respondent-driven sampling. Analyses included item descriptive statistics, scale descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis.
RESULTS
The final EPRES-Se (Swedish version of the EPRES),consisted of six dimensions and 23 items. There was a high response rate to all items and response options. Global Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. Subscales 'vulnerability', 'rights' and 'exercise rights' had reliability coefficients between α=0.78-0.89 and item-subscale correlations between r=0.48-0.78. 'Temporariness' had poor reliability (α=-0.08) and inter-item correlation (r=-0.04), while 'disempowerment' showed acceptable psychometric properties (α=0.5; r=0.34). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the original EPRES factor structure.
CONCLUSIONS
'Vulnerability', 'wages', 'rights', 'exercise rights' and 'disempowerment' worked in the Swedish context; however, 'temporariness' would need revising before implementing the EPRES-Se in further research. Continued work and validation of EPRES-Se is encouraged. In order to enable international comparisons and multinational studies, similar studies in other European countries are also called for.
目标
不稳定就业（PE）是健康状况不佳和健康不平等的一个决定因素。然而，由于缺乏全面的多维度定义和测量工具，关于其健康后果及关联背后机制的证据仍然有限。就业不稳定量表（EPRES）是一个多维度的西班牙语量表，用于衡量不稳定就业的程度。本研究的目的是将EPRES - 2010翻译成瑞典语，使其适用于瑞典的情况，并评估瑞典版EPRES的心理测量特性。
方法
在斯德哥尔摩不稳定就业研究项目（PREMIS）中，对EPRES进行翻译、改编并用于数据收集。在2016 - 2017年期间，通过基于网络的应答者驱动抽样，从瑞典斯德哥尔摩的483名非标准员工中收集问卷数据。分析包括项目描述性统计、量表描述性统计和探索性因素分析。
结果
最终的EPRES - Se（EPRES的瑞典语版本）由六个维度和23个项目组成。所有项目和应答选项的应答率都很高。总体Cronbach's α系数为0.83。子量表“脆弱性”“权利”和“行使权利”的信度系数在α = 0.78 - 0.89之间，项目与子量表的相关性在r = 0.48 - 0.78之间。“临时性”的信度较差（α = - 0.08），项目间相关性也较差（r = - 0.04），而“无权”显示出可接受的心理测量特性（α = 0.5；r = 0.34）。探索性因素分析证实了原始EPRES的因素结构。
结论
“脆弱性”“工资”“权利”“行使权利”和“无权”在瑞典的情况下适用；然而，在进一步研究中实施EPRES - Se之前，“临时性 ”需要修订。鼓励对EPRES - Se继续开展工作并进行验证。为了能够进行国际比较和跨国研究，也呼吁在其他欧洲国家开展类似研究。
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