de Micheli A
Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, INCICH, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080 México, D.F.
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2001 Apr-Jun;71(2):160-6.
The initial studies about the "irritability" of animal tissues by iatrophysic or iatromechanic scientists are reviewed. These studies led to discover the so called animal electricity envisaged by Luigi Galvani in the XVIII century and demonstrated by Carlo Matteucci and his followers in the XIX. Beginning with the Galvani's "reoscopic" frog, which allowed to assess the electrical current in a qualitative sense, it was possible to arrive, at the beginnings of the XX century, to the string electrocardiograph developed by Willem Einthoven in 1901. This opened the way that led to fabrication of ever more sophisticated instruments until the present systems of endocardial mapping by magnetic technology or by multipolar catheters, which permit to quickly identify the site of origin or the spreading ways of a tachycardia for their ablation with radiofrequency. Intracardiac echocardiography is also employed to define the anatomy of right atrium, during intracardiac cartography, in order to establish the most adequate sites for ablation. On the other hand, a logic, i.e. rational, method for the interpretation of results from the electrical exploration of the heart has been developed. This one was introduced by Frank N. Wilson in Ann Arbor and has been fittingly applied by Demetrio Sodi Pallares in Mexico. Important diagnostic advances and notable therapeutic inferences have been derived from these latter developments.
回顾了生理物理学或生理机械学科学家关于动物组织“兴奋性”的初步研究。这些研究促使人们发现了18世纪路易吉·伽伐尼所设想、19世纪卡洛·马泰乌奇及其追随者所证明的所谓动物电。从伽伐尼的“双筒”青蛙开始，通过它可以定性地评估电流，到20世纪初，威廉·艾因托芬于1901年发明了弦线心电图仪。这开启了一条道路，引领着制造出越来越复杂的仪器，直至如今通过磁技术或多极导管进行心内膜标测的系统，这些系统能够快速识别心动过速的起源部位或传播途径，以便通过射频进行消融。在心内标测过程中，心内超声心动图也被用于确定右心房的解剖结构，以确定最适合消融的部位。另一方面，已经开发出一种逻辑的、即合理的方法来解释心脏电探测的结果。这一方法由安阿伯的弗兰克·N·威尔逊引入，并被墨西哥的德梅特里奥·索迪·帕拉雷斯恰当地应用。从这些后期的发展中已经取得了重要的诊断进展和显著的治疗推断。
