Ford D E, Cooper-Patrick L
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Depress Anxiety. 2001;14(1):3-6. doi: 10.1002/da.1041.
Epidemiologic studies of sleep disturbances and mood disorders that may provide more valid estimates of associations between these two conditions than clinical samples due to differential use of health care services. Increasing uniformity of questionnaires to assess sleep disturbances has decreased the variance in estimates of insomnia and hypersomnia within community samples. Women are more likely to report insomnia than men in every age group. There appear to be no clear racial or ethnic differences in rates of insomnia or hypersomnia. Several community-based studies have found that sleep disturbances are powerful risk factors for the development of new episodes of major depression in the following year. Individuals who report insomnia or poor quality sleep may be at higher risk for depression throughout their lifetime. Epidemiologic studies will be useful for developing the long-term perspective on the natural history of sleep disturbances and mood disorders and the consequences of treatment.
睡眠障碍与情绪障碍的流行病学研究，由于医疗服务使用情况的差异，可能比临床样本能更有效地估计这两种情况之间的关联。评估睡眠障碍的问卷日益统一，减少了社区样本中失眠和嗜睡估计值的差异。在每个年龄组中，女性比男性更有可能报告失眠。失眠或嗜睡的发生率似乎没有明显的种族或民族差异。几项基于社区的研究发现，睡眠障碍是次年发生新的重度抑郁发作的有力危险因素。报告失眠或睡眠质量差的个体在其一生中患抑郁症的风险可能更高。流行病学研究将有助于从长期角度了解睡眠障碍和情绪障碍的自然史以及治疗的后果。
