Pavlinov I Ia
Zoological Museum of Moscow, M.V. Lomonosov State University, Bol. Nikitskaya ul. 6, Moscow 103009, Russia.
Zh Obshch Biol. 2001 Jul-Aug;62(4):362-6.
There is, or there should be, an interaction between concepts of taxonomy and biodiversity. On the one hand, taxonomy develops some general and particular classificatory paradigms, which own diversity is to be taken into account to understand the nature of variety of natural kinds. On the other hand, analysis of the properties of biodiversity may put forward nontrivial problems for taxonomy that cannot be deduced directly from its own statements. From the point view of taxonomy, it is argued that the current concept of biodiversity based entirely on the species concept is deeply rooted in reductionistic view of nature. It is outdated epistemologically and should be replaced by the modern taxonomic concept of the hierarchical phylogenetic pattern. Operationally, the latter presumes a possibility for each species to be assigned a certain "phylogenetic weight", according to its phylogenetic uniqueness. From the point view of biodiversity, it is argued that the global biodiversity is a three component entity, as it includes, in addition to phylogenetic and ecological hierarchies, a biomorphic hierarchy, as well. This calls for taxonomy to elaborate the general principles of classification of biomorphs.
分类学概念与生物多样性之间存在着，或者说应该存在着相互作用。一方面，分类学形成了一些一般和特殊的分类范式，在理解自然种类多样性的本质时，需要考虑其自身的多样性。另一方面，对生物多样性属性的分析可能会给分类学提出一些重要问题，而这些问题无法直接从分类学自身的陈述中推导出来。从分类学的角度来看，有人认为当前完全基于物种概念的生物多样性概念深深植根于还原论的自然观。从认识论角度看，它已经过时，应该被现代的层次系统发育模式的分类学概念所取代。在操作上，后者假定根据每个物种的系统发育独特性，有可能为其赋予一定的“系统发育权重”。从生物多样性的角度来看，有人认为全球生物多样性是一个由三个部分组成的实体，因为除了系统发育和生态层次之外，它还包括一个生物形态层次。这就要求分类学阐述生物形态分类的一般原则。
