McCabe M P, Ricciardelli L A
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Adolescence. 2001 Summer;36(142):225-40.
This study investigated the nature of body image and body change strategies, as well as the sociocultural influences on these variables, among a group of 1,266 adolescents (622 males, 644 females). In particular, it investigated weight gain and increased muscle, as well as weight loss. It was found that females were less satisfied with their bodies and were more likely to adopt strategies to lose weight, whereas males were more likely to adopt strategies to increase weight and muscle tone. Respondents with higher body mass index (BMI) evidenced greater body dissatisfaction and more weight loss strategies, but there were no differences between BMI groups in weight gain or strategies to increase muscles. Weight gain and strategies to increase muscles were more likely to be undertaken by older adolescents, but there were no grade level differences in weight loss. Media influences to alter weight, as well as feedback from mother, father, and both male and female peers, were greater for females. There were few grade level or BMI differences in regard to any of the sociocultural influences. The importance of these findings in terms of providing a better understanding of factors which may lead to a disturbed body image and body change disorders, particularly among adolescent boys, is discussed.
本研究调查了1266名青少年（622名男性，644名女性）的身体意象和身体改变策略的本质，以及社会文化对这些变量的影响。具体而言，研究调查了体重增加、肌肉量增加以及体重减轻的情况。研究发现，女性对自己的身体不太满意，更有可能采取减肥策略，而男性则更有可能采取增加体重和肌肉张力的策略。身体质量指数（BMI）较高的受访者表现出更大的身体不满和更多的减肥策略，但BMI组在体重增加或增加肌肉的策略方面没有差异。年龄较大的青少年更有可能增加体重和采取增加肌肉的策略，但在减肥方面不存在年级差异。媒体对改变体重的影响，以及来自母亲、父亲以及男性和女性同伴的反馈，对女性的影响更大。在任何社会文化影响方面，年级或BMI差异都很小。本文讨论了这些研究结果对于更好地理解可能导致身体意象紊乱和身体改变障碍的因素的重要性，尤其是在青少年男孩中。
