Mokhtaran Samineh, Piri Hashem, Sheikhhoseini Rahman, Salsali Mohammad
Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 31;15(1):3882. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85665-0.
Proper posture is essential for healthy living. Maintaining an ideal upright posture is one of the most critical indicators of the health of the musculoskeletal and movement systems. The current study compared the effectiveness of 6 weeks of NASM-based exercise training and eccentric-based exercise programs on body image and upper-quarter posture in schoolgirls with hyperkyphosis. In this randomized, controlled study, two intervention groups that received 6 weeks of NASM and eccentric-based exercise were compared with a control group that did nothing but continue their daily activities. For the purpose of conducting the experiment, 14 subjects were assigned to two groups (eccentric-based and control), and 12 subjects were assigned to the NASM group by using a simple blocked randomization method. The body esteem scale questionnaire was used to assess participants' body image in the groups. Likewise, the photogrammetric technique and Kyphometer were used to gather data from all groups before and after six weeks of targeted corrective exercises. Differences in responses to workouts across groups were investigated using analysis of variance-covariance (ANCOVA) followed by post hoc Bonferroni tests. The results from the ANCOVA analysis indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups regarding the effects of time*group on kyphosis (P < 0.001), shoulder angle (P < 0.001), and forward head posture (P < 0.001). Nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the considered groups regarding body image (P = 0.617). Based on the Bonferroni test, we found a significant difference between the control and eccentric-based groups for postural parameters measured during the study (P < 0.001). Similarly, both the control and NASM groups demonstrated significant differences for all variables(P < 0.001), except the body image. However, we could not find any statistical difference between the NASM training group and the eccentric-based exercise group concerning the upper quarter postural variables that were mentioned before. This study demonstrates that compared with a control group, schoolgirls with hyper-kyphosis who received a six-week intervention of eccentric-based and NASM- based exercises had significantly improved postural parameters but not body image. Despite these advantages, the improved kyphosis, shoulder angle, and forward head posture did not differ significantly between the NASM-based and eccentric-based exercise groups.
正确的姿势对于健康生活至关重要。保持理想的直立姿势是肌肉骨骼和运动系统健康的最关键指标之一。当前研究比较了为期6周的基于NASM的运动训练和基于离心运动的训练方案对脊柱后凸过度的女学生身体形象和上半身姿势的效果。在这项随机对照研究中，将接受为期6周的基于NASM和离心运动训练的两个干预组与一个除继续日常活动外不做任何干预的对照组进行了比较。为了进行实验，采用简单的区组随机化方法将14名受试者分配到两组（基于离心运动组和对照组），将12名受试者分配到NASM组。使用身体自尊量表问卷评估各组参与者的身体形象。同样，在进行为期六周的针对性矫正运动前后，使用摄影测量技术和脊柱后凸测量仪从所有组收集数据。使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）及事后Bonferroni检验研究各组对锻炼反应的差异。ANCOVA分析结果表明，实验组和对照组在时间*组对脊柱后凸（P < 0.001）、肩角（P < 0.001）和头部前倾姿势（P < 0.001）的影响方面存在显著差异。尽管如此，在所考虑的组之间，身体形象方面没有显著差异（P = 0.617）。基于Bonferroni检验，我们发现在研究期间测量的姿势参数方面，对照组和基于离心运动的组之间存在显著差异（P < 0.001）。同样，除身体形象外，对照组和NASM组在所有变量上均表现出显著差异（P < 0.001）。然而，在上述上半身姿势变量方面，我们未发现NASM训练组和基于离心运动的训练组之间存在任何统计学差异。这项研究表明，与对照组相比，接受为期六周基于离心运动和基于NASM运动干预的脊柱后凸过度的女学生姿势参数有显著改善，但身体形象没有改善。尽管有这些优势，但基于NASM的运动组和基于离心运动的训练组在脊柱后凸、肩角和头部前倾姿势改善方面没有显著差异。
