Levy B R, Hausdorff J M, Hencke R, Wei J Y
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000 Jul;55(4):P205-13. doi: 10.1093/geronb/55.4.p205.
We examined whether aging self-stereotypes, or older individuals' beliefs about elderly people, can influence cardiovascular function. Older individuals were subliminally exposed to either positive or negative aging stereotypes. Then all participants faced mathematical and verbal challenges. Those exposed to the negative aging stereotypes demonstrated a heightened cardiovascular response to stress, measured by systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, compared with those exposed to positive aging stereotypes. The aging stereotypes appeared to influence the outcome variable of skin conductance in the same way. It appears that the negative aging stereotypes acted as direct stressors, whereas the positive aging stereotypes reduced cardiovascular stress. These findings indicate that negative aging stereotypes may contribute to adverse health outcomes in elderly persons without their awareness. The results also suggest that positive aging stereotypes could be used in interventions to reduce cardiovascular stress.
我们研究了衰老自我刻板印象，即老年人对自身群体的看法，是否会影响心血管功能。对老年人进行潜意识的正面或负面衰老刻板印象暴露。然后，所有参与者都面临数学和语言挑战。与接触正面衰老刻板印象的人相比，接触负面衰老刻板印象的人在应激状态下，通过收缩压、舒张压和心率测量，表现出更强的心血管反应。衰老刻板印象似乎以同样的方式影响皮肤电导率这一结果变量。看起来负面衰老刻板印象起到了直接应激源的作用，而正面衰老刻板印象则减轻了心血管应激。这些发现表明，负面衰老刻板印象可能在老年人未意识到的情况下导致不良健康后果。研究结果还表明，正面衰老刻板印象可用于减轻心血管应激的干预措施中。
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