Metts J F
University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2001 Oct 1;64(7):1199-206.
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic, severely debilitating disease of the urinary bladder. Excessive urgency and frequency of urination, suprapubic pain, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and negative urine cultures are characteristic of interstitial cystitis. The course of the disease is usually marked by flare-ups and remissions. Other conditions that should be ruled out include bacterial cystitis, urethritis, neoplasia, vaginitis and vulvar vestibulitis. Interstitial cystitis is diagnosed by cystoscopy and hydrodistention of the bladder. Glomerulations or Hunner's ulcers found at cystoscopy are diagnostic. Oral treatments of interstitial cystitis include pentosan polysulfate, tricyclic antidepressants and antihistamines. Intravesicular therapies include hydrodistention, dimethyl sulfoxide and heparin, or a combination of agents. Referral to a support group should be offered to all patients with interstitial cystitis.
间质性膀胱炎是一种慢性的、严重影响膀胱功能的疾病。排尿过度急迫和频繁、耻骨上疼痛、性交困难、慢性盆腔疼痛以及尿液培养阴性是间质性膀胱炎的特征。该病病程通常以病情发作和缓解为特点。其他需要排除的病症包括细菌性膀胱炎、尿道炎、肿瘤、阴道炎和外阴前庭炎。间质性膀胱炎通过膀胱镜检查和膀胱水扩张术进行诊断。膀胱镜检查时发现的肾小球样改变或Hunner溃疡具有诊断意义。间质性膀胱炎的口服治疗药物包括聚多卡醇硫酸酯、三环类抗抑郁药和抗组胺药。膀胱内治疗方法包括水扩张术、二甲亚砜和肝素，或联合使用这些药物。应为所有间质性膀胱炎患者提供转介至支持小组的服务。
