Merida M T
Vesalius. 1999 Dec;5(2):94-9.
Epidemics have a social-economic character which affect certain historic periods. The Bubonic Plague, known as the Black Death, in the Middle Ages, caused the deaths of a quarter of Europe's population. The last plague epidemic originated in China, in the year 1893, and then spread to Europe at the end of the century. The French port of Marseille, in 1903, was the open door to the American Continent, the plague being detected in Panama in 1905 and officially recognised by Cipriano Castro's Government in 1908. The Venezuelan epidemic occurred during the Liberal Restoration Period. It was met by the Sanitary Authorities with a vision of 'medical positivism'. In our present research, we analyze the importance of Puerto Cabello, together with La Guaira and Cumana, the ports of arrival for the major quanity of European imports by steamships during 1903-1908. The sanitary strategy of medical health advisors and the nonfulfilment of proposed rules within the framework of the crisis of the Venezuelan Liberalism allowed the illness to enter and spread.
流行病具有社会经济特征，会影响特定的历史时期。中世纪被称为“黑死病”的鼠疫导致欧洲四分之一的人口死亡。上一次鼠疫流行起源于1893年的中国，随后在世纪末蔓延到欧洲。1903年，法国港口城市马赛成为通往美洲大陆的门户，1905年在巴拿马检测到鼠疫，1908年被西普里亚诺·卡斯特罗政府正式确认。委内瑞拉的疫情发生在自由派复辟时期。卫生当局以“医学实证主义”的视角应对疫情。在我们目前的研究中，我们分析了卡贝略港以及拉瓜伊拉港和库马纳港的重要性，这些港口在1903年至1908年期间是欧洲轮船大量进口货物的抵达港。医疗卫生顾问的卫生策略以及在委内瑞拉自由主义危机框架内提议规则的未得到执行，使得疾病得以传入和传播。
