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[19世纪欧洲及丹麦的霍乱]

[Cholera in Europe and Denmark in the 19th century].

作者信息

Bonderup G

出版信息

Dan Medicinhist Arbog. 1996:159-78.

Abstract

There are several reasons for dealing with cholera in the 19th century: it acted as a spotlight throwing into sharp relief the darkest corners of society that are seldom mentioned in the sources. We learn about everyday life in large parts of the population, especially the poor. The fight against the disease also reveals how a society worked socially and politically. When cholera arrived in Europe -- the first time was in the 1830's and several times after that--the population reacted very violently, often by lynching doctors, while the authorities more or less let matters take their course. That is why international researchers have come to see cholera as a catalyst for the constantly latent social unrest following in the train of wars and revolutions. During my research on cholera in Denmark it became clear to me that matters were different here. There were no riots, nor any signs of social unrest--neither before nor after the outbreak of cholera. On the contrary, the authorities and the population joined forces against the epidemic. There was an atmosphere of mutual trust, and almost everybody turned out to be worthy of such trust. That points to a balanced society based on consensus, so cholera also functions as a detector of the fundamental structure of a society.

摘要

在19世纪应对霍乱有几个原因:它就像一盏聚光灯,将社会最黑暗的角落清晰地凸显出来,而这些角落在资料中很少被提及。我们了解到了大部分人口,尤其是穷人的日常生活。抗击这种疾病也揭示了一个社会在社会和政治方面的运作方式。当霍乱首次于19世纪30年代传入欧洲,此后又多次传入时,民众反应非常激烈,常常对医生施以私刑,而当局或多或少听之任之。这就是为什么国际研究者将霍乱视为战争和革命之后持续潜伏的社会动荡的催化剂。在我对丹麦霍乱的研究过程中,我清楚地意识到这里的情况有所不同。既没有发生骚乱,也没有任何社会动荡的迹象——霍乱爆发之前和之后都是如此。相反,当局和民众联合起来抗击疫情。有一种相互信任的氛围,而且几乎每个人都值得这种信任。这表明存在一个基于共识的平衡社会,所以霍乱也起到了社会基本结构探测器的作用。

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