Brunner J
Department of Political Science, Tel Aviv University.
Sci Context. 1994 Spring;7(1):83-101. doi: 10.1017/s0269889700001605.
This article focuses on the dialectic of metapsychology and hermeneutics in psychoanalysis. By combining the causal language of the former with the intentional terminology of the latter, Freud's discourse continuously transgresses the narrowly conceived boundaries of scientific disciplines and places its stakes in both the humanities and the natural sciences. The argument is made that attempts to reduce psychoanalytic theory to either causal explanation or interpretation of meaning turn it into a closed thought system and rob it of its vitality. It is argued, moreover, that although Freud understood himself to be a scientist, by eschewing the dichotomous reductionism characteristic of both his orthodox followers and critics who tried and still try to turn psychoanalysis into either a natural-science-like discipline or a hermeneutics, Freud demonstrated that his self-understanding was far more sophisticated than admitted by either of these two groups. This argument is supported by a detailed discussion of Freud's epistemological premises, his conception of science and reality, and especially, the place he allocated to metapsychology in his interdisciplinary science. It is claimed that metapsychology served Freud as a double-edged sword, both enabling creative and metaphorical thought about the mind's hidden reality and revealing the necessary incompleteness of hermeneutics. The article concludes with the claim that psychoanalysis needs metapsychology in order to pursue this dual task.
本文聚焦于精神分析中精神心理学与诠释学的辩证关系。通过将前者的因果性语言与后者的意向性术语相结合，弗洛伊德的论述不断突破科学学科狭隘界定的边界，并将其利害关系置于人文科学和自然科学之中。有人认为，试图将精神分析理论简化为因果解释或意义诠释，会使其变成一个封闭的思想体系，并剥夺其活力。此外，有人认为，尽管弗洛伊德自认为是一名科学家，但通过避开其正统追随者和批评者（他们曾试图且仍在试图将精神分析变成一门类似自然科学的学科或一种诠释学）所特有的二元还原论，弗洛伊德表明他的自我认知比这两个群体所承认的要复杂得多。这一论点得到了对弗洛伊德认识论前提、他对科学与现实的概念，尤其是他在跨学科科学中为精神心理学所赋予的地位的详细讨论的支持。有人声称，精神心理学对弗洛伊德而言是一把双刃剑，既有助于对心灵隐藏现实进行创造性和隐喻性思考，又揭示了诠释学必然的不完整性。文章最后指出，精神分析需要精神心理学来完成这一双重任务。
