Lellouch A
Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
Hist Sci Med. 1994;28(4):297-305.
Through a brilliant medical way, Charcot was, at the same time, rheumatologist, geriatric, clinician, pathologist - and mainly neuro-pathologist - ending as a psychiatrist (according to todays medical terminology). Here, we will point out how much scientific theory and philosophy may support an original concept very unusual during the second half of XIXth century medicine. Describing connection between biology and medicine according to Auguste Comte thoughte, the author is thoroughly going into the course introduced by Charcot: scientific medicine instead of empirical one; structural medical-anatomy against rudimentary approach and rising of experimental medicine; impact of human sciences on medical knowledge; appearance of specialists near general practitioners; idea of organic disturbances denying any 'faith healing". In fact, Charcot asserts that bedside instruction prevails against accurate sciences.
通过一种卓越的医学方式，夏科同时身兼风湿病学家、老年病学家、临床医生、病理学家——主要是神经病理学家——最后还成为了一名精神科医生（按照当今的医学术语）。在此，我们将指出科学理论和哲学在多大程度上能够支持19世纪下半叶医学中一个非常独特的原创概念。根据奥古斯特·孔德的思想来描述生物学与医学之间的联系，作者深入探讨了夏科所开创的历程：科学医学而非经验医学；结构性医学解剖学反对初步的方法以及实验医学的兴起；人文科学对医学知识的影响；专科医生在全科医生身边的出现；否认任何“信仰疗法”的器质性障碍观念。事实上，夏科断言床边指导比精确科学更为重要。
