A role of Arabidopsis COP9 signalosome in multifaceted developmental processes revealed by the characterization of its subunit 3.

The COP9 signalosome is a highly conserved eight-subunit protein complex initially defined as a repressor of photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis. It has recently been suggested that the COP9 signalosome directly interacts and regulates SCF type E3 ligases, implying a key role in ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation. We report that Arabidopsis FUS11 gene encodes the subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN3). The fus11 mutant is defective in the COP9 signalosome and accumulates significant amount of multi-ubiquitinated proteins. The same mutant is specifically impaired in the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of HY5 but not PHYA, indicating a selective involvement in protein degradation. Reduction-of-function transgenic lines of CSN3 produced through gene co-suppression also accumulate multi-ubiquitinated proteins and exhibit diverse developmental defects. This result substantiates a hypothesis that the COP9 signalosome is involved in multifaceted developmental processes through regulating proteasome-mediated protein degradation.