Helgerud J, Engen L C, Wisloff U, Hoff J
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Sport Sciences, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Nov;33(11):1925-31. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200111000-00019.
The aim of the present study was to study the effects of aerobic training on performance during soccer match and soccer specific tests.
Nineteen male elite junior soccer players, age 18.1 +/- 0.8 yr, randomly assigned to the training group (N = 9) and the control group (N = 10) participated in the study. The specific aerobic training consisted of interval training, four times 4 min at 90-95% of maximal heart rate, with a 3-min jog in between, twice per week for 8 wk. Players were monitored by video during two matches, one before and one after training.
In the training group: a) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) increased from 58.1 +/- 4.5 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 64.3 +/- 3.9 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.01); b) lactate threshold improved from 47.8 +/- 5.3 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 55.4 +/- 4.1 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.01); c) running economy was also improved by 6.7% (P < 0.05); d) distance covered during a match increased by 20% in the training group (P < 0.01); e) number of sprints increased by 100% (P < 0.01); f) number of involvements with the ball increased by 24% (P < 0.05); g) the average work intensity during a soccer match, measured as percent of maximal heart rate, was enhanced from 82.7 +/- 3.4% to 85.6 +/- 3.1% (P < 0.05); and h) no changes were found in maximal vertical jumping height, strength, speed, kicking velocity, kicking precision, or quality of passes after the training period. The control group showed no changes in any of the tested parameters.
Enhanced aerobic endurance in soccer players improved soccer performance by increasing the distance covered, enhancing work intensity, and increasing the number of sprints and involvements with the ball during a match.
本研究旨在探讨有氧训练对足球比赛及足球专项测试表现的影响。
19名18.1±0.8岁的男性精英青少年足球运动员随机分为训练组（N = 9）和对照组（N = 10）参与本研究。具体的有氧训练包括间歇训练，以最大心率的90 - 95%进行4次4分钟训练，中间穿插3分钟慢跑，每周两次，共8周。在两场比赛中通过视频对球员进行监测，一场在训练前，一场在训练后。
训练组：a）最大摄氧量（VO2max）从58.1±4.5毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹增加到64.3±3.9毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹（P < 0.01）；b）乳酸阈从47.8±5.3毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹提高到55.4±4.1毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹（P < 0.01）；c）跑步经济性也提高了6.7%（P < 0.05）；d）训练组比赛中的跑动距离增加了20%（P < 0.01）；e）冲刺次数增加了100%（P < 0.01）；f）触球次数增加了24%（P < 0.05）；g）足球比赛中的平均工作强度，以最大心率百分比衡量，从82.7±3.4%提高到85.6±3.1%（P < 0.05）；h）训练期后，最大垂直跳跃高度、力量、速度、踢球速度、踢球精度或传球质量均未发现变化。对照组在任何测试参数上均无变化。
足球运动员有氧耐力的提高通过增加比赛中的跑动距离、提高工作强度以及增加冲刺次数和触球次数来改善足球表现。
