Palmarini M, Fan H
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Nov 7;93(21):1603-14. doi: 10.1093/jnci/93.21.1603.
Studies on the molecular mechanisms of transformation of retrovirus-induced neoplasms in domestic and laboratory animal species have provided insights into the genetic basis of cancer. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a retrovirus-induced spontaneous lung tumor of sheep that has striking analogies to some forms of human adenocarcinoma. The etiologic agent of OPA, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), is unique among retroviruses for having a specific tropism for the differentiated epithelial cells of the lung, and it is the only virus known to cause a naturally occurring lung adenocarcinoma. Expression of the JSRV envelope protein is sufficient to induce cell transformation in vitro, possibly via the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-signaling pathway mediated by the cytoplasmic tail of the transmembrane protein. The aim of this review is to draw the attention of basic and clinical scientists engaged in lung cancer research to this unique animal model, to explore the possible use of OPA as a tool to investigate the mechanisms of pulmonary carcinogenesis, and to underline the similarities between OPA and some forms of human lung adenocarcinoma. The possibility of a viral etiology for the latter will be evaluated in this review.
对家养和实验动物物种中逆转录病毒诱导肿瘤转化的分子机制的研究，为癌症的遗传基础提供了见解。绵羊肺腺瘤（OPA）是一种由逆转录病毒诱导的绵羊自发性肺肿瘤，与某些形式的人类腺癌有惊人的相似之处。OPA的病原体，绵羊肺腺瘤逆转录病毒（JSRV），在逆转录病毒中是独特的，它对肺的分化上皮细胞具有特异性嗜性，并且是已知唯一能引起自然发生的肺腺癌的病毒。JSRV包膜蛋白的表达足以在体外诱导细胞转化，可能是通过由跨膜蛋白的细胞质尾巴介导的磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路的激活。这篇综述的目的是引起从事肺癌研究的基础和临床科学家对这个独特动物模型的关注，探讨将OPA用作研究肺癌发生机制工具的可能性，并强调OPA与某些形式的人类肺腺癌之间的相似性。在这篇综述中将评估后者病毒病因的可能性。
