Lako J V, Nguyen V C
Food and Textiles Department, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001;10(3):188-93. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2001.00255.x.
The dietary patterns of indigenous Fijians are changing rapidly. Dietary relationships in regard to the prevalence of diabetes are poorly studied in Fiji. A survey was conducted to show the relationship of dietary patterns and other lifestyle factors for the development of diabetes among urban indigenous women in Fiji. A sample of 200 Fijian women aged 30-39 who agreed to participate were interviewed by the use of semiquantitative food frequency, 3 day-24 h recall study. Physical activity and ceremonial dietary customs were also taken into consideration. Anthropometry included measurements of height, weight, waist and hip. Total percentage bodyfat measurements and glycosuria tests were also conducted. The results showed high rates of obesity manifested in high percentage bodyfat, high body mass index (BMI) and high waist and hip ratio (WHR). The mean 24 h dietary intake exhibited a moderate intake of protein, high intake of fat and a low intake of carbohydrate. The carbohydrate reduction was a result from the decline in consumption of traditional staples. Consumption of cereals and related products favored the high intake of butter and margarine and also encouraged the use of cooking oil in frying varieties of flour products. The daily intake of anti-oxidant vitamins of beta-carotene and vitamin E were low, however there was a high intake of vitamin C. The food frequency study revealed cassava, bread and sugar were consumed daily as the main carbohydrate foods. Fish and meat were the most frequently consumed protein foods. The main beverage was sweet tea with whole-cream milk. Butter, margarine, coconut cream, cheap lamb flaps and cooking oil provided the main sources of fat. Levels of physical activity included high sedentary lifestyles with a high rate of subjects being overweight and obese. Ceremonial dietary customs showed a high consumption of meat and fish. Fruits were rarely consumed. Glycosuria existed among the age group under study. The impact of dietary transition, coupled with dietary excesses and physical inactivity, seem to be potential risk factors of diabetes among the indigenous women in the urban area.
斐济原住民的饮食模式正在迅速改变。在斐济，关于糖尿病患病率的饮食关系研究较少。开展了一项调查，以揭示斐济城市原住民女性的饮食模式及其他生活方式因素与糖尿病发病之间的关系。通过半定量食物频率法和3天24小时回顾性研究，对200名年龄在30至39岁且同意参与的斐济女性进行了访谈。同时也考虑了身体活动和仪式性饮食习惯。人体测量包括身高、体重、腰围和臀围的测量。还进行了体脂百分比总测量和糖尿测试。结果显示肥胖率很高，表现为体脂百分比高、体重指数（BMI）高以及腰臀比（WHR）高。24小时平均饮食摄入量显示蛋白质摄入量适中、脂肪摄入量高而碳水化合物摄入量低。碳水化合物摄入量减少是传统主食消费下降的结果。谷物及相关产品的消费促使黄油和人造黄油的高摄入量，也鼓励在油炸各类面粉制品时使用食用油。抗氧化维生素β-胡萝卜素和维生素E的每日摄入量较低，然而维生素C的摄入量较高。食物频率研究表明，木薯、面包和糖是每日消费的主要碳水化合物食物。鱼和肉是最常食用的蛋白质食物。主要饮品是加全脂牛奶的甜茶。黄油、人造黄油、椰奶、廉价羊肋条和食用油是脂肪的主要来源。身体活动水平包括久坐不动的生活方式占比高，超重和肥胖的受试者比例也高。仪式性饮食习惯显示肉类和鱼类的消费量很大。水果很少食用。在所研究的年龄组中存在糖尿现象。饮食转变、饮食过量以及身体缺乏活动的影响，似乎是城市地区原住民女性患糖尿病的潜在风险因素。
