Dasgupta N, Greenwald A G
Department of Psychology, New School University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001 Nov;81(5):800-14. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.800.
Two experiments examined whether exposure to pictures of admired and disliked exemplars can reduce automatic preference for White over Black Americans and younger over older people. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to either admired Black and disliked White individuals, disliked Black and admired White individuals, or nonracial exemplars. Immediately after exemplar exposure and 24 hr later, they completed an Implicit Association Test that assessed automatic racial attitudes and 2 explicit attitude measures. Results revealed that exposure to admired Black and disliked White exemplars significantly weakened automatic pro-White attitudes for 24 hr beyond the treatment but did not affect explicit racial attitudes. Experiment 2 provided a replication using automatic age-related attitudes. Together, these studies provide a strategy that attempts to change the social context and, through it, to reduce automatic prejudice and preference.
两项实验探究了接触受钦佩和不受喜欢的榜样图片是否能减少对美国白人相对于黑人以及年轻人相对于年长者的自动偏好。在实验1中，参与者接触的是受钦佩的黑人与不受喜欢的白人个体、不受喜欢的黑人与受钦佩的白人个体，或者非种族榜样。在接触榜样后立即以及24小时后，他们完成了一项评估自动种族态度的内隐联想测验和两项外显态度测量。结果显示，接触受钦佩的黑人与不受喜欢的白人榜样在处理之后的24小时内显著削弱了对白的自动偏好态度，但并未影响外显种族态度。实验2使用与年龄相关的自动态度进行了重复验证。总之，这些研究提供了一种试图改变社会环境并借此减少自动偏见和偏好的策略。
