Mackie G G, Stephens F D
J Urol. 1975 Aug;114(2):274-80. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)67007-1.
A study was made of 51 duplex kidneys, ureters and bladders to assess the types of abnormalities seen in duplex kidneys. The abnormalities affected ectopic and orthotopic segments equally. The occurrence of renal abnormality was closely correlated to the abnormal locations of the segment's ureteral orifice. When the orifice was displaced either cranially (orifice positions B, C and D) or caudally (orifices G and H) the orthotopic and ectopic segments, respectively, showed more severe hypoplasia and dysplasia. Faulty embryogenesis is proposed to explain these findings and the importance of endoscopic positioning of the ureteral orifice is emphasized in determining whether heminephrectomy will be necessary.
对51例重复肾、输尿管及膀胱进行了研究，以评估重复肾中所见的异常类型。这些异常对异位和原位节段的影响相同。肾异常的发生与节段输尿管口的异常位置密切相关。当输尿管口分别向头侧移位（口位置B、C和D）或向尾侧移位（口G和H）时，原位和异位节段分别表现出更严重的发育不全和发育异常。提出胚胎发育异常来解释这些发现，并强调输尿管口内镜定位在确定是否需要进行半肾切除术方面的重要性。
