Okeke I N, Lamikanra A
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
J Appl Microbiol. 2001 Nov;91(5):922-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01456.x.
To evaluate the bacteriological quality of skin moisturizing products in the South-west part of Nigeria and study factors predisposing their bacterial contamination under tropical conditions.
Viable counts for bacteria exceeded 10(3) cfu ml(-1) or cfu g(-1) in 8 (16.3%) commercially available creams and lotions at time of purchase. Escherichia coli (8), Pseudomonas spp. (7), Staphylococcus spp. (9) and Bacillus spp. (6) were the most commonly recovered bacteria. Following use by volunteers, the proportion of E. coli and other Gram-negative organisms recovered increased. Organic matter, particularly in the absence of preservatives, enhanced survival and growth of bacteria in creams stored under ambient tropical conditions during challenge experiments.
Contaminated products are relatively uncommon but some products present a potential health hazard because they are unable to suppress the growth of organisms of likely faecal origin during use.
Quality assurance during manufacture, pack size, preservative evaluation, organic matter and water content were identified as factors to be considered during the development of creams and lotions for use in tropical developing countries.
评估尼日利亚西南部皮肤保湿产品的细菌学质量，并研究热带条件下导致其细菌污染的因素。
购买时，8种（16.3%）市售乳膏和乳液中的细菌活菌计数超过10³ cfu/ml或cfu/g。最常分离出的细菌为大肠杆菌（8株）、假单胞菌属（7株）、葡萄球菌属（9株）和芽孢杆菌属（6株）。志愿者使用后，分离出的大肠杆菌和其他革兰氏阴性菌的比例增加。在挑战实验中，有机物，尤其是在没有防腐剂的情况下，会增强热带环境条件下储存的乳膏中细菌的存活和生长。
受污染的产品相对少见，但一些产品存在潜在健康危害，因为它们在使用过程中无法抑制可能源自粪便的微生物生长。
在为热带发展中国家开发乳膏和乳液时，生产过程中的质量保证、包装尺寸、防腐剂评估、有机物和水分含量被确定为需要考虑的因素。
