Keiper Joe B, Walton William E, Foote Benjamin A
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2002;47:207-32. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145159.
Although studies of freshwater entomofauna frequently do not include the biodiversity and ecological roles of higher Diptera, cyclorraphous flies are often numerous and species rich in wetlands. Seventeen families are commonly found in freshwater wetlands, with Ephydridae, Chloropidae, Sciomyzidae, Sphaeroceridae, and Scathophagidae being among the most important in terms of population size and species richness. Difficulty with sampling cryptic larval habitats and species identification challenges may account for the exclusion of acalyptrate and other dipterans from wetlands ecology studies. Large populations are facilitated by the high productivity of freshwater wetlands and the high intrinsic rate of increase characteristic of many species. Higher dipterans exist in all freshwater wetland types, are microhabitat selective, and play significant roles in food webs. The varied strategies for food acquisition and patterns of spatial and temporal distribution limit ecological overlap among the higher Diptera.
尽管对淡水昆虫群落的研究通常不包括双翅目高级类群的生物多样性和生态作用，但环裂亚目蝇类在湿地中往往数量众多且物种丰富。在淡水湿地中通常能发现17个科，就种群规模和物种丰富度而言，水蝇科、秆蝇科、沼蝇科、小粪蝇科和腐木蝇科是最重要的科。难以对隐秘的幼虫栖息地进行采样以及物种鉴定方面的挑战，可能是湿地生态学研究中排除无瓣蝇类和其他双翅类昆虫的原因。淡水湿地的高生产力以及许多物种特有的高内在增长率，有利于形成庞大的种群。所有类型的淡水湿地中都存在双翅目高级类群，它们具有微生境选择性，并且在食物网中发挥着重要作用。获取食物的各种策略以及时空分布模式限制了双翅目高级类群之间的生态重叠。
