Benjamin M, Ralphs J R
Anatomy Unit, School of Biosciences, University of Wales Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Ital J Anat Embryol. 2001;106(2 Suppl 1):151-7.
Most tendons and ligaments have fibrocartilaginous entheses where there are 4 zones of tissue at their bony attachments--dense fibrous connective tissue, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage and bone. Such entheses leave smooth, circumscribed markings on dried bones. The uncalcified fibrocartilage dissipates the bending of collagen fibres away from the bone, ensures that a stretched tendon or ligament does not narrow too close to the bone and acts as a mini growth plate. The zone is thickest at entheses where a great deal of bending of the tendon/ligament accompanies joint movement. The calcified fibrocartilage anchors the tendon/ligament to the bone and enables it to withstand shear. Enthesis fibrocartilage may be accompanied by sesamoid and periosteal fibrocartilages that similarly protect the enthesis from wear and tear and dissipate stress. Nevertheless, each fibrocartilage can show distinctive pathological changes. A wide variety of ECM molecules has been reported in enthesis fibrocartilage, but it is best characterised by its content of type II collagen and aggrecan which account for its compression-tolerance properties.
大多数肌腱和韧带都有纤维软骨附着点，在其与骨的连接处有4个组织区域——致密纤维结缔组织、未钙化纤维软骨、钙化纤维软骨和骨。这种附着点在干燥的骨头上留下光滑、界限分明的痕迹。未钙化纤维软骨可消散胶原纤维远离骨的弯曲，确保拉伸的肌腱或韧带在靠近骨处不会过度变窄，并起到微型生长板的作用。在肌腱/韧带随关节运动发生大量弯曲的附着点处，该区域最厚。钙化纤维软骨将肌腱/韧带锚定在骨上，并使其能够承受剪切力。附着点纤维软骨可能伴有籽骨纤维软骨和骨膜纤维软骨，它们同样可保护附着点免受磨损并消散应力。然而，每种纤维软骨都可能表现出独特的病理变化。已有多种细胞外基质分子在附着点纤维软骨中被报道，但它的最佳特征是其II型胶原蛋白和聚集蛋白聚糖的含量，这赋予了它抗压特性。
