Pfleiderer M, Löwer J, Kurth R
Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
Vaccine. 2001 Dec 12;20(5-6):886-94. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00386-3.
The principle of live attenuated influenza vaccines has been known for many decades. However, the pharmaceutical and clinical development according to current regulations, of modern live influenza vaccines based on cold adapted influenza viruses (CAIV) started only recently and these vaccines will most probably become an alternative within the next couple of years to licensed inactivated influenza vaccines that have been used routinely since the early 1940s. In contrast to contemporary trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines, which are administered intramuscularly, trivalent CAIV-based vaccines will be administered intranasally as a spray. Quality, safety and efficacy aspects related to CAIV vaccines as well as possible risks linked to the widespread use of these vaccines will be discussed in the following overview and compared to established influenza vaccines. Moreover, issues of practicality of CAIV vaccines focusing on the necessity of an annual update of influenza vaccines are addressed.
减毒活流感疫苗的原理已为人所知数十年。然而，按照现行法规对基于冷适应流感病毒（CAIV）的现代活流感疫苗进行的药物研发和临床开发直到最近才开始，并且这些疫苗很可能在未来几年内成为自20世纪40年代初以来常规使用的已获许可的灭活流感疫苗的替代品。与当代通过肌肉注射给药的三价灭活流感疫苗不同，基于CAIV的三价疫苗将通过鼻腔喷雾给药。以下概述将讨论与CAIV疫苗相关的质量、安全性和有效性方面以及这些疫苗广泛使用可能带来的风险，并与已有的流感疫苗进行比较。此外，还将探讨CAIV疫苗的实用性问题，重点关注流感疫苗每年更新的必要性。
