Chromosomal imbalances of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinomas.

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to screen 83 lung adenocarcinomas of 60 patients for chromosomal imbalances. The most common alteration was DNA overrepresentation on chromosome 1q, with a peak incidence at 1q22-q23 in 73% of the primary tumours, followed by DNA overrepresentation on chromosomes 8q and 20q, and deletions on chromosomes 3p, 4q, 6q, 9p, 9q, and 13q, in at least 60%. The generation of a difference histogram of metastasizing versus non-metastasizing tumours and a case-by-case histogram for the comparison of 23 paired samples of primary tumours and corresponding metastases suggested that deletions on chromosomes 3p12-p14, 3p22-p24, 4p13-15.1, 4q21-qter, 6q21-qter, 8p, 10q, 14q21, 17p12-p13, 20p12, and 21q, and overrepresentations on chromosomes 1q21-q25, 7q11.2, 9q34, 11q12-q13, 14q11-q13, and 17q25 are associated with the metastatic phenotype. In contrast, losses on chromosome 19 and gains on 3p, 4q, 5p, and 6q were preferentially found in non-metastasizing tumours. The analysis of the paired samples revealed considerable chromosomal instability, but indicated a clonal relationship in each case. The primary tumours often showed additional deletions, suggesting that loss of function mutations are critical in the initial phase of tumour dissemination, whereas the metastases preferentially acquired DNA gains, probably modulating the metastatic phenotype. The primary data from this study (ratio profiles, clinicopathological parameters, histograms) are also available at http://amba.charite.de/cgh.