Mueller P S, Plevak D J, Rummans T A
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., 55905, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Dec;76(12):1225-35. doi: 10.4065/76.12.1225.
Surveys suggest that most patients have a spiritual life and regard their spiritual health and physical health as equally important. Furthermore, people may have greater spiritual needs during illness. We reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. We also reviewed articles that provided suggestions on how clinicians might assess and support the spiritual needs of patients. Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide. Several studies have shown that addressing the spiritual needs of the patient may enhance recovery from illness. Discerning, acknowledging, and supporting the spiritual needs of patients can be done in a straightforward and noncontroversial manner. Furthermore, many sources of spiritual care (e.g., chaplains) are available to clinicians to address the spiritual needs of patients.
调查显示，大多数患者都有精神生活，并将他们的精神健康和身体健康视为同等重要。此外，人们在患病期间可能有更大的精神需求。我们回顾了已发表的研究、荟萃分析、系统评价和专题综述，这些研究探讨了宗教参与和精神性与身体健康、心理健康、健康相关生活质量及其他健康结果之间的关联。我们还回顾了一些文章，这些文章就临床医生如何评估和支持患者的精神需求提供了建议。大多数研究表明，宗教参与和精神性与更好的健康结果相关，包括更长的寿命、应对技能以及健康相关生活质量（即使在晚期疾病期间），同时焦虑、抑郁和自杀行为也更少。几项研究表明，满足患者的精神需求可能会促进疾病的康复。识别、承认并支持患者的精神需求可以以一种直接且无争议的方式进行。此外，临床医生可以利用许多精神关怀资源（如牧师）来满足患者的精神需求。
