Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 Jul-Aug;63(4):280-9. doi: 10.3322/caac.21187. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
Despite the difficulty in clearly defining and measuring spirituality, a growing literature describes its importance in oncology and survivorship. Religious/spiritual beliefs influence patients' decision-making with respect to both complementary therapies and aggressive care at the end of life. Measures of spirituality and spiritual well-being correlate with quality of life in cancer patients, cancer survivors, and caregivers. Spiritual needs, reflective of existential concerns in several domains, are a source of significant distress, and care for these needs has been correlated with better psychological and spiritual adjustment as well as with less aggressive care at the end of life. Studies show that while clinicians such as nurses and physicians regard some spiritual care as an appropriate aspect of their role, patients report that they provide it infrequently. Many clinicians report that their religious/spiritual beliefs influence their practice, and practices such as mindfulness have been shown to enhance clinician self-care and equanimity. Challenges remain in the areas of conceptualizing and measuring spirituality, developing and implementing training for spiritual care, and coordinating and partnering with chaplains and religious communities.
尽管精神信仰很难被清晰地定义和衡量，但越来越多的文献描述了其在肿瘤学和生存中的重要性。宗教/精神信仰影响着患者在补充疗法和生命末期积极治疗方面的决策。精神信仰和精神健康的衡量标准与癌症患者、癌症幸存者和护理人员的生活质量相关。精神需求反映了多个领域的存在问题，是产生巨大痛苦的根源，满足这些需求与更好的心理和精神调整以及生命末期不那么积极的治疗相关。研究表明，尽管护士和医生等临床医生认为某些精神关怀是其角色的一个适当方面，但患者报告说他们很少提供这种关怀。许多临床医生报告说，他们的宗教/精神信仰影响他们的实践，正念等实践已被证明可以增强临床医生的自我关怀和平静。在概念化和衡量精神信仰、开发和实施精神关怀培训以及与牧师和宗教团体协调和合作方面仍然存在挑战。
