Buchner A, Steffens M C
Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2001 Nov;54(4):1125-42. doi: 10.1080/713756004.
Two experiments are reported that demonstrate negative priming for auditory stimuli. Reaction times and temporal order judgements were used as the dependent measures in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In Experiment 1, participants classified tones presented to one ear as wind or string instruments while ignoring tones presented to the other ear. The task was identical for both the prime and the subsequent probe presentations. Probe reactions were slower for previously ignored tones than for tones that had not occurred during the prime presentation. Probe reactions to previously attended tones were faster than reactions to nonrepeated tones. In Experiment 2, the probe reactions were replaced by temporal order judgements. The probability of accepting a tone as antecedent was lower for previously ignored primes than for new tones. No difference was observed between previously attended and new tones. The results are compatible with the conclusion that distractor inhibition is a necessary component of the processes that bring about observable negative priming phenomena.
报告了两项实验，这些实验证明了对听觉刺激的负启动效应。在实验1和实验2中，分别使用反应时间和时间顺序判断作为因变量指标。在实验1中，参与者将呈现给一只耳朵的音调分类为管乐器或弦乐器，同时忽略呈现给另一只耳朵的音调。启动刺激和随后的探测刺激的任务是相同的。对于之前被忽略的音调，探测反应比在启动刺激呈现期间未出现的音调更慢。对之前被关注的音调的探测反应比对非重复音调的反应更快。在实验2中，探测反应被时间顺序判断所取代。对于之前被忽略的启动刺激，将一个音调接受为先行音的概率低于新音调。在之前被关注的音调和新音调之间未观察到差异。这些结果与以下结论一致，即分心物抑制是导致可观察到的负启动现象的过程的必要组成部分。
