Elliott M
GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001 Dec 29;356(1416):1885-93. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.1021.
The development of the neuraminidase inhibitors has revolutionized the management options for influenza. Zanamivir was the first such inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of influenza in humans. It is delivered by inhalation to the respiratory tract, which is the site of viral replication, in order to ensure immediate antiviral activity. Early treatment with zanamivir in clinical trials rapidly reduced the severity and duration of influenza symptoms and associated complications. Furthermore, chemoprophylaxis with zanamivir was shown to be effective in the prevention of influenza illness. To date, there is no evidence for the emergence of clinically significant zanamivir-resistant isolates. In conclusion, zanamivir offers a useful complementary strategy to vaccination in the effective management of influenza.
神经氨酸酶抑制剂的研发彻底改变了流感的治疗选择。扎那米韦是首个被批准用于人类流感治疗的此类抑制剂。它通过吸入方式送达呼吸道，而呼吸道是病毒复制的场所，以确保能立即产生抗病毒活性。在临床试验中，早期使用扎那米韦治疗可迅速减轻流感症状的严重程度并缩短其持续时间，以及减少相关并发症。此外，扎那米韦的化学预防在预防流感疾病方面被证明是有效的。迄今为止，尚无出现具有临床意义的扎那米韦耐药菌株的证据。总之，在流感的有效管理中，扎那米韦为疫苗接种提供了一种有用的补充策略。
