Diez J A, de la Torre A I, Cartagena M C, Carballo M, Vallejo A, Muñoz M J
Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, Madrid, Spain.
J Environ Qual. 2001 Nov-Dec;30(6):2165-72. doi: 10.2134/jeq2001.2165.
The agronomic and ecotoxicological effects of the application of pig (Sus scrofa) slurry during a maize (Zea mays L.) crop cycle under conditions of forced irrigation were evaluated. The 0.2-ha experimental area, of typical xerofluvent soil and of known vulnerability to nitrate (NO3-) contamination, was divided into 12 plots and provided with water measurement instruments (TDR-probes, vertical tensiometers, and ceramic candles). Samples of soil, water, soil organisms, and the crop were subjected to analytical, agronomic, and biological test procedures. The following fertilizer treatments were applied to triplicate plots: urea (U;170 kg N ha(-1)), and an optimized (P1; 162 kg N ha(-1)) and triple (P3; 486 kg N ha(-1)) dose of pig slurry. Unfertilized plots (P0) served as controls. Calculation was made of seasonal drainage and leached NO3- and sodium losses during the experimental period. Conductivity, heavy metal concentration, hardness, pH, and redox potential were determined in soil solutions. The ecotoxicological evaluation of the soil solution and matrix was based on ecotoxicity bioassays and the quantification of organic and inorganic compounds [phenols, indols, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)]. The results suggest that the P3 treatment is highly contaminating due to the leaching of nitrates and increased soil salinity. Despite the fact that a Folsomia candida reproduction test indicated chronic ecotoxicological effects on the soil in plots treated with P1 and P3, the absence of organic compounds suggests that these effects may be attributable to contaminants not considered in this study.
评估了在强制灌溉条件下，猪（Sus scrofa）粪水施用于玉米（Zea mays L.）作物生长周期的农艺学和生态毒理学效应。该0.2公顷试验区为典型的旱成新成土，已知易受硝酸盐（NO3-）污染，被划分为12个地块，并配备了水分测量仪器（时域反射仪探头、垂直张力计和陶土管）。对土壤、水、土壤生物和作物样本进行了分析、农艺学和生物学测试程序。对三个重复地块施加了以下肥料处理：尿素（U；170 kg N ha(-1)），以及优化剂量（P1；162 kg N ha(-1)）和三倍剂量（P3；486 kg N ha(-1)）的猪粪水。未施肥地块（P0）作为对照。计算了试验期间的季节性排水量以及淋失的硝酸盐和钠损失。测定了土壤溶液的电导率、重金属浓度、硬度、pH值和氧化还原电位。基于生态毒性生物测定以及有机和无机化合物[酚类、吲哚类、多氯联苯（PCBs）]的定量分析，对土壤溶液和基质进行了生态毒理学评估。结果表明，由于硝酸盐淋失和土壤盐分增加，P3处理具有高度污染性。尽管一项白符跳繁殖试验表明，P1和P3处理地块的土壤存在慢性生态毒理学效应，但未检测到有机化合物，这表明这些效应可能归因于本研究未考虑的污染物。
