Uttl B, Graf P, Miller J, Tuokko H
Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2001 Dec;10(4):451-72. doi: 10.1006/ccog.2001.0505.
Everyday tasks, such as getting groceries en route from work, involve two distinct components, one prospective (i.e., remembering the plan) and the other retrospective (i.e., remembering the grocery list). The present investigation examined the size of the age-related performance declines in these components, as well as the relationship between these components and age-related differences in processing resources. The subjects were 133 community-dwelling adults between 65 and 95 years of age. They completed a large battery of tests, including tests of pro- and retrospective memory as well as tests for indexing processing resources. The results showed similar age-related declines in pro- and retrospective memory. There was only a weak relationship between pro- and retrospective memory, and the age-related decline in processing resources was related more strongly to retro- than prospective memory.
日常任务，比如在下班途中购买食品杂货，涉及两个不同的部分，一个是前瞻性的（即记住计划），另一个是回顾性的（即记住购物清单）。本研究调查了这些部分中与年龄相关的表现下降幅度，以及这些部分与处理资源方面年龄相关差异之间的关系。研究对象是133名年龄在65岁至95岁之间的社区成年人。他们完成了大量测试，包括前瞻性和回顾性记忆测试以及处理资源索引测试。结果显示，前瞻性和回顾性记忆方面与年龄相关的下降情况相似。前瞻性记忆和回顾性记忆之间的关系很弱，而且与年龄相关的处理资源下降与回顾性记忆的关联比与前瞻性记忆的关联更强。
