Salthouse Timothy A, Berish Diane E, Siedlecki Karen L
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2004 Oct;32(7):1133-48. doi: 10.3758/bf03196887.
We administered four prospective memory tasks to 330 adults between 18 and 89 years of age to investigate the relationship among the measures of performance in the four tasks, as well as the relationship of the prospective memory measures to age, other cognitive abilities, and noncognitive factors. The four prospective memory variables were found to exhibit both convergent and discriminant validity, indicating that prospective memory ability appears to represent a distinct dimension of individual differences. The prospective memory construct was significantly related to other cognitive abilities, such as executive functioning, fluid intelligence, episodic memory, and perceptual speed, but it was only weakly related to self-ratings of (primarily retrospective) memory and to personality traits. Although a substantial proportion of the age-related variance on the prospective memory construct was shared with other cognitive abilities, we also found some evidence of unique, statistically independent, age-related influences on prospective memory.
我们对330名年龄在18至89岁之间的成年人进行了四项前瞻记忆任务,以研究这四项任务中表现指标之间的关系,以及前瞻记忆指标与年龄、其他认知能力和非认知因素之间的关系。结果发现,这四个前瞻记忆变量具有聚合效度和区分效度,表明前瞻记忆能力似乎代表了个体差异的一个独特维度。前瞻记忆结构与其他认知能力显著相关,如执行功能、流体智力、情景记忆和知觉速度,但与(主要是回顾性的)记忆自评和人格特质的相关性较弱。尽管前瞻记忆结构上与年龄相关的很大一部分方差与其他认知能力共享,但我们也发现了一些证据,表明存在独特的、统计上独立的、与年龄相关的对前瞻记忆的影响。