Bohner G
Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NP, UK.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2001 Dec;40(Pt 4):515-29. doi: 10.1348/014466601164957.
The hypothesis that the passive voice is used to put the actor in the background and the acted-upon person in the focus of discourse is tested in the realm of sexual violence. German university students (N = 67) watched a silent video segment depicting a rape whose circumstances, depending on condition, could or could not be easily interpreted in terms of rape myths. Then they wrote down what they had seen, judged the responsibility of assailant and victim, and completed a rape-myth acceptance scale. Participants used the passive voice more frequently to describe the rape itself vs. other actions they had watched. When circumstances of the rape were easily interpretable in terms of rape myths, use of the passive voice correlated positively with rape-myth acceptance and perceived responsibility of the victim, and negatively with perceived responsibility of the assailant. The language of headlines that participants generated for their reports also reflected judgments of assailant and victim responsibility. Implications for the non-reactive assessment of responsibility attributions and directions for future research are discussed.
被动语态用于将行为者置于背景中，而将受影响的人置于话语焦点的这一假设，在性暴力领域得到了检验。德国大学生（N = 67）观看了一段无声视频片段，该片段描绘了一起强奸案，根据条件不同，其情节可能或不可能轻易按照强奸谬见来解读。然后，他们写下所看到的内容，判断攻击者和受害者的责任，并完成一份强奸谬见接受量表。与描述他们所观看的其他行为相比，参与者在描述强奸案本身时更频繁地使用被动语态。当强奸情节很容易按照强奸谬见来解读时，被动语态的使用与强奸谬见接受度以及对受害者责任的认知呈正相关，与对攻击者责任的认知呈负相关。参与者为他们的报告所生成的标题语言也反映了对攻击者和受害者责任的判断。本文讨论了对责任归因的无反应评估的意义以及未来研究的方向。
