Araujo F P, Schwabe C W, Sawyer J C, Davis W G
Am J Epidemiol. 1975 Oct;102(4):291-302. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112164.
A descriptive epidemiologic and anthropologic study was designed to determine by field observation and interview the extent of Basque involvement in the sheep industry of California, the nature of the sheep and dog husbandry practices of California Basques as they might influence Echinococus granulosus transmission, and the "folk knowledge" of hydatid disease possessed by California Basques, particularly as it might indicate the early presence of this infection in California and provide evidence for or against possible intensification or spread of transmission in the recent past. Basques were found to dominate the sheep industry of California's Central Valley from Sacramento south, but to be virtually absent from other sheep-raising areas of the state. In contrast to most other California sheep ranchers, Basques practice a transhumant form of husbandry in which bands of sheep are moved from location to location under the control of contract Basque shepherds from Spain and France and a number of sheep dogs.
一项描述性流行病学和人类学研究旨在通过实地观察和访谈来确定巴斯克人参与加利福尼亚州养羊业的程度、加利福尼亚州巴斯克人的牧羊和养狗方式可能对细粒棘球绦虫传播产生的影响，以及加利福尼亚州巴斯克人对包虫病的“民间知识”，特别是这可能表明该感染在加利福尼亚州的早期存在，并为近期传播是否可能加剧或扩散提供支持或反对的证据。研究发现，从萨克拉门托向南，巴斯克人在加利福尼亚州中央谷地的养羊业中占主导地位，但在该州其他养羊地区几乎没有。与大多数其他加利福尼亚州的牧羊业主不同，巴斯克人采用一种游牧式的养殖方式，在来自西班牙和法国的合同巴斯克牧羊人和一些牧羊犬的控制下，羊群从一个地方转移到另一个地方。
