Barić Irena Colić, Satalić Zvonimir
Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2002 Jan;53(1):79-87.
The aim of this study was to establish nutrient intake from breakfast in children and adolescents in Croatia (n = 1190). A quantified FFQ method was used. The results showed that 1.7% of subjects skip breakfast. Energy intake from breakfast was 26% RDA. Adolescents obtained significantly more energy from carbohydrates and less from fat than children. Children had significantly higher cholesterol and significantly lower dietary fiber intake than adolescents. Intakes of almost all examined micronutrients differed significantly according to age. Milk and dairy products were major energy contributors in children's breakfast whereas most of the adolescents' energy came from cereal products. Breakfasts containing at least one dairy food, one cereal food and fruit/fruit juice were consumed by 13.7% and 21.9% of children and adolescents respectively. A total of 33.3% and 47.6% of subjects respectively consumed milk every day while 15.9% and 10.4% did not consume milk for breakfast at all. Subjects with BMI > 85th percentile had significantly higher energy intake while those with BMI < 25th percentile had significantly lower energy intake than those of normal weight. Education about adequate nutrition and human health and providing breakfast at schools would improve dietary habits of this population.
本研究旨在确定克罗地亚儿童和青少年（n = 1190）早餐的营养摄入量。采用了定量食物频率问卷法。结果显示，1.7%的受试者不吃早餐。早餐的能量摄入量为推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的26%。与儿童相比，青少年从碳水化合物中获取的能量显著更多，从脂肪中获取的能量更少。儿童的胆固醇水平显著高于青少年，膳食纤维摄入量则显著低于青少年。几乎所有检测的微量营养素摄入量都因年龄而异。牛奶和乳制品是儿童早餐的主要能量来源，而青少年的大部分能量来自谷物产品。分别有13.7%的儿童和21.9%的青少年早餐包含至少一种乳制品、一种谷物食品以及水果/果汁。分别有33.3%和47.6%的受试者每天喝牛奶，而分别有15.9%和10.4%的受试者早餐根本不喝牛奶。体重指数（BMI）高于第85百分位数的受试者能量摄入量显著更高，而BMI低于第25百分位数的受试者能量摄入量显著低于正常体重者。开展关于充足营养和人类健康的教育以及在学校提供早餐将改善该人群的饮食习惯。
