Ampofo Krow, Saiman Lisa, LaRussa Philip, Steinberg Sharon, Annunziato Paula, Gershon Anne
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 15;34(6):774-9. doi: 10.1086/338959. Epub 2002 Feb 4.
The varicella vaccine was approved in 1995 for use in healthy varicella-susceptible children and adults. Long-term immunity in 461 healthy adults who were enrolled in varicella vaccine trials in 1979-1999 were studied. Forty vaccinees (9%), including 19 (21%) of 89 vaccinees with household exposure (HHE) to chickenpox, developed breakthrough chickenpox 8 weeks to 11.8 years (mean, 3.3 years) after vaccination. The median number of skin lesions among the 36 untreated vaccinees was 20 (range, 1-240 lesions), and the number of lesions was essentially the same with time since vaccination. Breakthrough chickenpox was mild, even among vaccinees who did not have seroconversion or those recipients who lost detectable antibody. Lower varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody titers measured within 3 months of vaccination as well as at the time of HHE were associated with an increased risk of breakthrough disease. This study demonstrated that the varicella vaccine was effective in providing adults with long-term protection from serious VZV disease.
水痘疫苗于1995年被批准用于健康的易感染水痘的儿童和成人。对1979年至1999年参加水痘疫苗试验的461名健康成年人的长期免疫力进行了研究。40名接种者（9%），包括89名有家庭接触水痘史（HHE）的接种者中的19名（21%），在接种疫苗8周后至11.8年（平均3.3年）出现突破性水痘。36名未治疗的接种者的皮肤损伤中位数为20（范围为1至240个损伤），损伤数量与接种疫苗后的时间基本相同。突破性水痘症状较轻，即使在未发生血清转化的接种者或失去可检测抗体的接种者中也是如此。接种疫苗后3个月内以及发生家庭接触水痘史时测得的较低水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）抗体滴度与突破性疾病风险增加相关。这项研究表明，水痘疫苗能有效为成年人提供长期保护，预防严重的VZV疾病。
