Sarkodie F, Adarkwa M, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Candotti D, Acheampong J W, Allain J P
Blood Service, Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
Vox Sang. 2001 Apr;80(3):142-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2001.00023.x.
West Africa is a highly endemic area for viral infections. The prevalence of five viral markers was determined in Ghanaian blood donors.
Replacement and volunteer blood donors were screened using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus antibodies (anti-HIV), HIV p24 antigen, human T-cell lymphocytotrophic virus-I and -II antibodies (anti-HTLV-I/II) and hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV).
HBsAg was present at an equally high frequency (15%) in young volunteer (median age 18 years) and older replacement (median age 33 years) blood donors. In contrast, the prevalence of anti-HIV and anti-HCV was significantly higher in replacement blood donors (2.4 and 0.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). HCV RNA was detected in 74 or 55% of seropositive donors, depending on the confirmatory criteria used. No p24 antigen-positive/anti-HIV-negative donations were found. The prevalence of HTLV-I/II was generally low (0.5%).
All blood donations should be screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV and HCV markers.
西非是病毒感染的高流行地区。对加纳献血者的五种病毒标志物的流行情况进行了测定。
使用酶免疫测定法（EIA）对替代献血者和志愿献血者进行筛查，检测乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗-HIV）、HIV p24抗原、人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型和II型抗体（抗-HTLV-I/II）以及丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）。
年轻志愿献血者（中位年龄18岁）和年长替代献血者（中位年龄33岁）中HBsAg的出现频率同样高（15%）。相比之下，替代献血者中抗-HIV和抗-HCV的流行率显著更高（分别为2.4%和0.3%，P<0.001）。根据所采用的确认标准，在74%或55%的血清反应阳性献血者中检测到HCV RNA。未发现p24抗原阳性/抗-HIV阴性的献血样本。HTLV-I/II的流行率总体较低（0.5%）。
所有献血都应筛查乙肝病毒（HBV）、HIV和HCV标志物。
