Markison S
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(1):1-14. doi: 10.1080/1028415x.2001.11747346.
Humans and animals have an impressive ability to use behavioral means to recover from nutritional deficits. Under some conditions, recovery ray be manifest in the form of a specific appetite for the missing nutrient. This review will discuss how the gustatory system is used by the rat to aid in the recovery from deficiencies of sodium, vitamin B, and individual essential amino acids. While it is likely that a deficient rat will use all available cues to guide intake of a limited nutrient, the role of taste can be partitioned out using techniques that measure immediate behavioral responses to brief exposures of taste stimuli and/or by measuring responsiveness before and after nerve transection. Taste can be used to identify stimuli in the environment as well as serve to motivate intake in terms of producing a particular affective reaction. Compensatory alterations in these aspects of the gustatory system are considered for three types of deficiencies. For learned appetites the utility of conditioning paradigms is presented as a potential means to gain a further understanding of behavioral recovery from specific micronutrient deficiencies.
人类和动物具有令人印象深刻的能力，能够利用行为手段从营养缺乏中恢复过来。在某些情况下，恢复可能表现为对缺失营养素的特定食欲。本综述将讨论大鼠如何利用味觉系统来帮助从钠、维生素B和单个必需氨基酸缺乏中恢复。虽然缺乏营养的大鼠可能会利用所有可用线索来指导有限营养素的摄入，但味觉的作用可以通过测量对短暂味觉刺激暴露的即时行为反应的技术和/或通过测量神经切断前后的反应性来区分。味觉可用于识别环境中的刺激物，并通过产生特定的情感反应来促进摄入。针对三种类型的缺乏症，考虑了味觉系统这些方面的代偿性改变。对于习得性食欲，条件作用范式的效用被作为一种潜在手段呈现出来，以进一步了解从特定微量营养素缺乏中行为恢复的情况。
