Yliherva A, Olsén P, Mäki-Torkko E, Koiranen M, Järvelin M R
Department of Finnish, Saami and Logopedics, University of Oulu.
Acta Paediatr. 2001 Dec;90(12):1440-9. doi: 10.1080/08035250152708879.
Linguistic and motor abilities among low-birthweight 8-y-old children in the northern Finland Birth Cohort for 1985-1986 (n = 9322) were studied using parental and teacher evaluations. The parents of 8370 (90%) and teachers of 8525 (92%) children returned a mailed questionnaire concerning the children's speech, language, learning and motor abilities. Low-birthweight (LBW, < 2500 g) children (n = 279) appeared to have experienced more difficulties than normal-birthweight (NBW, > or = 2500 g) children (n = 8091). The parents evaluated the LBW boys to be the poorest in linguistic and motor skills compared with the other boys or any of the groups of girls. They are therefore presumably at risk of having problems at school, which was confirmed by the teachers' reports. There was also a clear relationship between speech/linguistic and motor disabilities.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the lower birthweight and some sociodemographic factors, for example the mother's age being between 20 and 24 y, having more than four children in the family, a reconstructed family, as well as hearing impairment and male gender were the most important determinants of poor speech and language abilities at 8 y of age, with and without adjustment for neonatal risk factors (asphyxia, convulsions, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus). Smallness for gestational age was also a risk factor for poor speech and language skills. Preterm birth was associated with poor skills only after adjustment for the neonatal risk factor. The parental and teacher evaluations were concordant concerning the LBW children's outcome.
利用父母和教师的评估，对1985 - 1986年芬兰北部出生队列中8岁低体重儿童（n = 9322）的语言和运动能力进行了研究。8370名（90%）儿童的父母和8525名（92%）儿童的教师回复了一份关于儿童言语、语言、学习和运动能力的邮寄问卷。低体重（LBW，< 2500 g）儿童（n = 279）似乎比正常体重（NBW，≥2500 g）儿童（n = 8091）经历了更多困难。与其他男孩或任何一组女孩相比，父母评估低体重男孩在语言和运动技能方面最差。因此，他们很可能有在学校出现问题的风险，教师的报告证实了这一点。言语/语言障碍和运动障碍之间也存在明显的关系。
多变量逻辑回归分析表明，较低的出生体重以及一些社会人口学因素，例如母亲年龄在20至24岁之间、家庭中有四个以上孩子、重组家庭，以及听力障碍和男性性别，是8岁时言语和语言能力差的最重要决定因素，无论是否对新生儿危险因素（窒息、惊厥、呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管肺发育不良、动脉导管未闭）进行调整。小于胎龄也是言语和语言技能差的一个危险因素。仅在对新生儿危险因素进行调整后，早产与技能差有关。父母和教师对低体重儿童结局的评估是一致的。
