Chiplonkar S A, Agte V V, Mengale S S, Tarwadi K V
Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Feb;56(2):96-104. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601291.
To examine interrelationships between (1) dietary habits, (2) socioeconomic and (3) environmental factors, and their impact on plasma retinol and plasma ascorbic acid.
Cross-sectional study on adults from Western India.
Rural, semi urban, urban higher/middle/lower socioeconomic regions (HSE/MSE/LSE) having diverse dietary habits and environmental conditions.
A total of 214 men and 108 women (20-50 y), apparently healthy and non-anemic.
Food intake by food frequency questionnaire, weight, height, age, smoking, environmental score, education, income, plasma retinol and plasma ascorbic acid.
Mean plasma retinol in women (24.84+/-5.1 microg/dl) and men (24.75+/-4.53 microg/dl) were not significantly different and 21% had plasma retinol below 20 microg/dl. Mean plasma ascorbic acid in women (0.35+/-0.12 mg/dl) and men (0.30+/-0.12 mg/dl) was similar with 75% having plasma ascorbic acid below 0.4 mg/dl. Vitamin A intake (as retinol equivalent) and plasma retinol showed a significant dose response (P<0.05) but not vitamin C intake and plasma ascorbic acid. Plasma retinol showed significant correlation with income (rho=0.24), education (rho=0.27), and environment (rho=0.21; rho=0.0001). Similar correlations with plasma ascorbic acid were 0.29, 031, -0.23 respectively (P=0.0001). Logistic regression showed education, environment, green leafy vegetables (GLV) and milk intake as predictors of plasma retinol deficiency, while non-sweet fruit intake, education and passive smoking for plasma ascorbic acid deficiency (P<0.05).
Subnormal status of retinol and vitamin C emphasizes the need to increase consumption of fruit, GLV and milk products, and also better education and environment. Avoiding passive smoking demands attention in order to improve levels of these vitamins.
Department of Science and Technology, India (project no. SP/SO/B39/94).
研究（1）饮食习惯、（2）社会经济因素和（3）环境因素之间的相互关系，以及它们对血浆视黄醇和血浆抗坏血酸的影响。
对印度西部成年人的横断面研究。
农村、半城市、城市高/中/低社会经济地区（HSE/MSE/LSE），饮食习惯和环境条件各异。
总共214名男性和108名女性（20 - 50岁），外表健康且无贫血。
通过食物频率问卷获取食物摄入量、体重、身高、年龄、吸烟情况、环境评分、教育程度、收入、血浆视黄醇和血浆抗坏血酸。
女性（24.84±5.1微克/分升）和男性（24.75±4.53微克/分升）的平均血浆视黄醇无显著差异，21%的人血浆视黄醇低于20微克/分升。女性（0.35±0.12毫克/分升）和男性（0.30±0.12毫克/分升）的平均血浆抗坏血酸相似，75%的人血浆抗坏血酸低于0.4毫克/分升。维生素A摄入量（以视黄醇当量计）与血浆视黄醇呈显著剂量反应关系（P<0.05），但维生素C摄入量与血浆抗坏血酸无此关系。血浆视黄醇与收入（相关系数ρ = 0.24）、教育程度（ρ = 0.27）和环境（ρ = 0.21；P = 0.0001）呈显著相关性。与血浆抗坏血酸的类似相关性分别为0.29、0.31、 - 0.23（P = 0.0001）。逻辑回归显示，教育程度、环境、绿叶蔬菜（GLV）和牛奶摄入量是血浆视黄醇缺乏的预测因素，而非甜水果摄入量、教育程度和被动吸烟是血浆抗坏血酸缺乏的预测因素（P<0.05）。
视黄醇和维生素C的亚正常状态强调了增加水果、绿叶蔬菜和奶制品摄入量的必要性，同时也需要更好的教育和环境。为提高这些维生素的水平，避免被动吸烟值得关注。
印度科学技术部（项目编号SP/SO/B39/94）
