Zijlstra R T, Whang K Y, Easter R A, Odle J
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1996 Dec;74(12):2948-59. doi: 10.2527/1996.74122948x.
Feeding of milk replacer to early-weaned pigs was evaluated in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 18 litters of pigs were either weaned conventionally (d 21), split-weaned and fed milk replacer plus starter diet (d 14 and 21), or weaned and fed milk replacer plus starter diet (d 21). Split weaning combined with feeding a milk replacer increased ADG 22% from d 14 and d 28 compared to conventional weaning (P < .05). Feeding a milk replacer plus starter diet after weaning increased ADG 30% between d 21 and 28 compared to conventional weaning (P < .01). In Experiment 2, four litters of 12 pigs each were divided at d 18 into six heavy and six light pigs and randomized across sow-suckled, milk replacer, or starter diet groups. After 1 wk, pigs fed milk replacer weighed 20% more (P < .001), contained 10% more protein (P < .01) and 17% more fat (P < .05), and had 74% longer villi in the proximal small intestine (P < .001) than suckled pigs. In contrast, pigs fed starter diet weighed 19% less (P < .001), contained 20% less protein and fat (P < .001), and had 28% shorter villi in the proximal small intestine (P < .05) than suckled pigs. Therefore, milk replacer feeding the 1st wk after weaning stimulates pig development, both locally in the small intestine and on a whole-body basis, most likely by an increased energy and nutrient intake. Suckling beyond 18 d postnatally inhibits pigs to reach maximal potential weight gain. In conclusion, milk replacer feeding might be beneficial to reach maximal pig weight gain at weaning.
在两项试验中对给早期断奶仔猪饲喂代乳粉进行了评估。在试验1中，18窝仔猪要么常规断奶（21日龄），要么分批断奶并饲喂代乳粉加开食料（14日龄和21日龄），要么断奶并饲喂代乳粉加开食料（21日龄）。与常规断奶相比，分批断奶并饲喂代乳粉使14日龄至28日龄的平均日增重提高了22%（P < 0.05）。断奶后饲喂代乳粉加开食料使21日龄至28日龄的平均日增重比常规断奶提高了30%（P < 0.01）。在试验2中，4窝共48头仔猪在18日龄时分为6头重的和6头轻的仔猪，并随机分配到随母猪哺乳、代乳粉或开食料组。1周后，饲喂代乳粉的仔猪体重比哺乳仔猪重20%（P < 0.001），蛋白质含量高10%（P < 0.01），脂肪含量高17%（P < 0.05），并且近端小肠绒毛比哺乳仔猪长74%（P < 0.001）。相比之下，饲喂开食料的仔猪体重比哺乳仔猪轻19%（P < 0.001），蛋白质和脂肪含量低20%（P < 0.001），并且近端小肠绒毛比哺乳仔猪短28%（P < 0.05）。因此，断奶后第1周饲喂代乳粉能刺激仔猪发育，无论是在小肠局部还是全身，很可能是通过增加能量和营养摄入实现的。出生后18天以上哺乳会抑制仔猪达到最大潜在体重增加。总之，饲喂代乳粉可能有利于仔猪在断奶时达到最大体重增加。
